Following are two videos from Western Washington University Libraries demonstrating how to insert citations and how to build a bibliography using Zotero in Google Docs:

Insert In-text Citations in Google Docs Using Zotero

Create a Bibliography in Google Docs Using Zotero

What is Citation Chaining?

Citation chaining means searching backwards and forwards in time for materials that are cited by and also that cite an article or resource you already have. One resource links you to another, which links you to another, and so on to create a chain of relevant literature.

~ Walden University

Citation chaining as a search strategy involves following the citation trial of a source to see how the scholarly conversation on your topic has developed over time. It involves two parts

1. Reviewing a resource's list of references (looking back)

2. Using tools provided in database search results or Google Scholar to see who has since cited that resource in their work (looking forward)
 

An example of citation chaining for the article: Hwang, Y. J., & Cho, D. H. (2020). Activation of AMPK/proteasome/MLCK degradation signaling axis by telmisartan inhibits VSMC contractility and vessel contraction. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 524(4), 853-860.
 

Part 1 Looking Back: Reviewing references cited in relevant articles you have already found

Part 2 Looking Forward: Use Google Scholar or Scopus to find other articles that have cited the relevant articles you have already found 

Citation Chaining in Google Scholar

Note: Google Scholar typically provides a much longer list of resources than the other tools mentioned

Citation Chaining in Scopus

The PubMed and Scopus links below are the two databases that are best suited for your assignment.

--> More tutorials and training resources are available on the PubMed Online Training webpage 

Your Textbook!

Dictionaries and encyclopedias:  For definitions and background information try the resources on the Background Sources page of the Biology Subject Guide.

--> Remember that Reviews can also be a helpful overview of a topic and could be used as secondary sources to help explain your primary research article.

What is an annotated bibliography?

An annotated bibliography is a list of references with a brief description.  Your assignment outlines some specific requirements for these annotations.  In general an annotated bibliography will:

• Summarize the work – describe the content of the article
• Evaluate the work – critically look at the good and bad aspects of the article
• Determine the relevance – discuss how the source is relevant to your topic
• Do NOT use the abstract to summarize, use your own words

It can take a considerable amount of time to read, understand, summarize, and write annotations for 8-10 articles, so make sure you give yourself enough time to do this; the annotated bibliography will be key in assisting you with your literature review for your final paper.

Resources for summaries & annotated bibliographies

• Annotated Bibliographies - OWL at Purdue 
  Includes definition, samples and examples for APA formatting, annotated bibliographies and more!

• MRU Guide to Paraphrasing and Summarizing 
  A short guide to using quotations, summarizing and paraphrasing.

• Writing an Annotated Bibliography

  A great University of Toronto guide to writing an annotated bibliography.

An evidence based paragraph makes a point using evidence from the literature to strengthen that point. It usually has three parts:

1. Point: The point establishes the main idea of the paragraph.
2. Proof: The proof is what you use to prove your point. Usually consists of a paraphrase, summary, or statistic.
3. Relevance: Relevance explains how the proof proves the point.

Point + Proof + Relevance = Developed!

Here is an example of how one could look:

Some kinds of honey have potential for use as an alternative to traditional antibiotics. Researchers found that after use for two days the area of skin colonised by bacteria was reduced by 100-fold on the skin that was treated with honey (Kwakman et al, 2008, p.1). The number of positive tests for bacteria were also significantly reduced (Kwakman et al, 2008, p.1). Honey is relatively cheap and available and may be able to play an important role in health care as a replacement for some of the antibiotics to which bacteria are developing resistance.

Kwakman, P. H. S., Van den Akker, J. P. C., Guclu, A., Aslami, H., Binnekade, J. M., de Boer, L., . . . Zaat, S. A. (2008). Medical-grade honey kills antibiotic-resistant bacteria in vitro and eradicates skin colonization. Clinical Infectious Disease 46(11), 1677-1682. htttp://dx.doi.org/10.1086/587892

APA referencing used.

To avoid plagiarism when paraphrasing / summarising remember these five important points:

1) Your paraphrased text should be significantly different from the original (i.e. don't just change a few words here and there)

2) You must change the structure of the sentence or paragraph you are paraphrasing, not just the words.

3) If you use anyone else's words verbatim (word for word) you need to put quotation marks around it. Warning: Quotations are rarely used in the sciences

4) Use proper citation methods (in this case use APA) to give credit for the ideas, opinions or theories you are presenting.

5) Check that you have preserved the original meaning of the text in your paraphrased version

Paraphrasing and summarising exercises from Purdue University

Remember your citations!

The following APA resources will help you cite in-text, create a reference list, and format your reference list