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How to Read an Academic Article

https://learn.library.torontomu.ca/social_work

In this video, university professors offer advice for reading articles.

Top takeaways for reading journal articles:

  • It takes time (more time than you think)! Give yourself time to read and re-read.
  • It helps to print it out and mark it up with notes, annotations and highlighting.
  • Article authors can use lots of jargon. Use additional resources (e.g. Google, subject encyclopedias) to look up terms and concepts that are unfamiliar.
  • Use a reading strategy that works for you.
    • Visual learner? Start with the tables and charts in the results section.
    • Fear of numbers? Start with the introduction or discussion.
    • Your strategy might change for articles in unfamiliar subject areas.
  • Be kind to yourself and have confidence in yourself! Remember that if you are struggling to understand parts of an article, the issue could be with the article, not with you! Don't be afraid to question, disagree, and be critical of what you're reading.

 

Activity guidelines:

Get into groups of 3. Open this article:

Schötz, S. (2012). A phonetic pilot study of vocalisations in three cats. In Proceedings from FONETIK 2012 (pp. 45-48). University of Gothenburg.

Split up the article into three sections (however you want). Each group member will read and then summarize their section to the other two group members.

1. As a group, write a brief (100-200 word) annotation of the article. Enter your annotations onto the shared Google Document (claim a row for your group on the document). Your annotation could include:

  • What is this article about? Summarize the article in 1-2 sentences.
  • What was the research question?
  • How did the researchers answer it (i.e. what did they do? who or what did they study?).
  • What were the findings?
  • What are the outcomes/suggestions/impacts/implications of these findings?

2. Next, write down 2 questions that you have after reading this article.

 

Research Sources for your Literature Review

🔍 Search Tips:

If your issue is described in more than one word, put it in quotes. E.g. "Reactive Attachment Disorder"  or "Adverse Childhood Experiences"

Add the term "social work" (in quotes!) to your other search term to narrow down your results to more relevant articles. If you don't add "social work" to your search, you'll retrieve many articles from psychology, medicine, education and other areas that are not very relevant (and can be more challenging to read and understand).

✨ Advanced tips for literature reviews:
  • Look for cited and citing articles
  • look at "related reading" or "similar article" lists
  • look at keywords and subject headings
  • look for open access options or MRU subscriptions

 

Search for your topic in these databases. 

MRU Library subscribes to a large number of digital magazines and newspapers.
We also have current subscriptions to some of these titles in print -- check out the periodical collection on the third floor of the Library & Learning Centre.

Canadian Newspapers

Canadian Magazines

Broadcast and Web Media

If you find a story online and are unable to read it without a subscription, you may be able to get access through the Library.
Go to the journal search in LibrarySearch and enter the title of the magazine or newspaper you are looking for.

What is Grey Literature?

Some examples of grey literature:

  • Society annual reports, policy papers, practice guidelines, issue briefs, newsletters, government documents, speeches.

Grey literature includes research- and evidence-based documents that are written by academic or professional experts on topics relevant to their professions, clients, communities or society in general (and that are not formally published in a journal or book).

These documents are produced by various groups including government agencies, non-government/not-for-profit organizations, industry groups, think tanks, research centres, service agencies, and professional organizations.

  • Note: The quality of this literature can vary a lot, so be sure to critically evaluate the sources you find. 

Why Do I Want to Use it?

  • Grey literature tends to be more practice-oriented -- it reports on activities done by an organization or on the research they do, and is published with professionals, practitioners, and policy makers in mind.

  • Grey literature can be published and shared online with little or no cost, so it is often widely accessible to everyone (if you know how to find it!).

  • It can provide examples of best practices, guidelines, and recommendations for things like service provision, program design and implementation, policy development, and advocacy.

  • Peer reviewed research is slow to produce and publish, and sometimes the most recent and relevant information is shared in a report rather than a journal article.

Where Do I Find it?

The Web is the best place to find these types of documents.

  • Hint: it helps if you know some of the agencies or organizations related to your topic where you can start your search (browse these websites to help generate some ideas for the types of website you’re looking for). For example, the Edmonton Social Planning Council conducts research and analysis on social issues. They have links to reports and publications on their website.

You can also find grey literature in the Policy Commons database.

How Do I Search for it on the Web?

Often, these types of documents do not appear in the results of a basic Google search. 

Use advanced search techniques in Google to find reports and other documents that don't come up in a simple search (often because they are attached as PDFs rather than as part of the website content).

You can simply search the name of an organization or another relevant keyword, and include the word report.

Example:     indigenous child family canada report                                             

Example:     calgaryunitedway.org report

Hint: Search for the word report in the URL to find these specific types of documents

Example:     site:edmontonsocialplanning.ca inurl:report

Hint: Search for specific file types to find reports

Example (searching a specific website):    site:edmontonsocialplanning.ca type:pdf

Example (using keywords):   indigenous child family canada type:pdf

Books in the Library

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Attachment, and the Early Years' Learning Environment

Explores the concept of learning by presenting research and illustrations from practice on three major topics: adverse childhood experiences, attachment, and environment.

Walking This Path Together: Anti-racist and Anti-oppressive Child Welfare Practice

An edited collection devoted to improving the lives of children and families that come to the attention of child welfare authorities by demonstrating and advocating for socially just child welfare practices.

The Handbook on Child Welfare Practice

This book will help develop a more knowledgeable and skilled child welfare workforce prepared to address the significant public health concern of child maltreatment.

Imagining Child Welfare in the Spirit of Reconciliation

Drawing on the expertise of Indigenous scholars and researchers, including voices from the front lines in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, this book examines child welfare practices in kinship care, FASD, homelessness, aging out of the system, and transitions for rural youth leaving care. Themes running throughout the book include renewing and decolonizing child welfare work, anti-oppressive practices, the historical legacy of the 60s Scoop, and the needs of marginalized and vulnerable children.

Children's Exposure to Domestic Violence

This book bridges together research, theory, and practice to offer future directions for new treatment policy and context-based intervention with children exposed to domestic violence.

Re-Visioning Public Health Approaches for Protecting Children

This volume provides readers around the globe with a focused and comprehensive examination of how to prevent and respond to child maltreatment using evidence-informed public health approaches and programs that meet the needs of vulnerable children, and struggling families and communities.

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